4 P's Of Tourism

Promotion
It is related to informing,educating,persuading,reminding the customers about the benefit an organization offers.It includes all the activities undertaken to communicate,highlight the qualities of the product.Traditional promotional mix has been broken down into four main elements;advertisement,sale promotion,public relation and personal selling.In tourism promotion marketing mix includes personal and customer also.
            Product
Typically the marketing mix being with product offering.A product is any offering that can satisfy customer's needs and wants.It is produced.Producer should add "value".Many tourism resources are free of cost, such as natural beauties,friendship of local people,local festivals.Tourism product is the combination of 4 A.Every tourism product should have "soul and body".Soul is intangible element and body is the tangible part.The example of intangible element are service,pleasure,satisfaction,trust etc.and tangible are the natural beauties,hotel, room,transport a service staff,etc.Intangible service,trust is created over the tangible part.          Price
Price is the amount of money that customer pay for the product.It is the exchange cost or value.Price is the most flexible components of the marketing mix.Marketers can rise or low price more frequently than they can change any other marketing mix.This is the most important competitive weapon on organization has,price mix decision includes strategies and tactical decision about the average level of price to be charged,discount structure,term of payment and the extent to which price discrimination between different groups of customer.Price of tourism product is the total of monetary and non-monetary elements,as many tourism products are available at free of cost such as natural beauty,social hospitality.Tourism price includes $value and time value.
       Place
Distribution strategies are concerned with marketing product available when and where customer want them.It includes various activities undertaken to make the product accessible and available to target customers.Physical distribution consist of all business concerned with transporting products so that they arrive in usable condition at designation place when needed.But in tourism as the product is immovable channel refers to the transport of customers from the point of sale(P O S)to the point of service delivery (P O S D).It includes transport system and channel members.It is refer ed as accessibility.

Tourism Product

 
The must important among four P s in the marketing mix is the product.product is the "value"to the customer and production is to 'add value 'to satisfy the customer's need.Product is the response to the market interest.It should have utility to the buyer.It is any thing that buyers are ready to exchange.It is the sum of the physical and psychological satisfaction is provided to the buyers.It is the "offer" of the physical and exchange.The exchange will satisfy the customer needs and company will attain it's objectives.It is an idea or object develop by the organization to offer the customer like service,facility,haircut,a pair of shoe,etc.so it is the basic element of an organization.It can be any thing that customer is ready to exchange.product is produced,made,modified by the origination to exchange with the customer.
                                 Product is anything that can be offered to the market for attention,acquisition,use or consumption and that might satisfy a wants or need of customer.It can be goods,service,ideas,experiences,information.All products have  features,advantages and benefits it offers to customer.

.Tourism Marketing

                                     TOURISM MARKETING


        Tourism being fastest growing and most competitive industry in the world it should be marketed. Tourist  needs to be marketed,just as any other product,because it is an industry in which costumer has immense variety of choice.Each destination region,country,are competing each other to get bigger share of the market.Each destination contains many business organization and they compete each other.A destination or service agency may enjoy the situation of monopoly due to its attraction or service goodwill but for a tourist to enjoy the travel experience every service and destination is a choice.For example the highest mountain on this earth is in Nepal but a tourist may-visit Mt.Fuji to relax and for more pleasure.


    Tourism marketing is a complex as the industry includes many multi-faceted activities,which together produce the tourist product that is travel experience.It is also complex due to various sub-sectors of the tourism products.Each of them are themselves represented as complete industry.each of the tourism component are organizing marketing campaign independently.for example travel agency or trekking agency promote their program including hotel rooms and transport.similarly many airlines and hotels promotes the destinations, and Government and N T O are promoting the destination and each of them are independent organization having own object.


         The tourism marketing is a managerial process of anticipating and satisfying existing and potential visitor's want more effectively then competitive suppliers or destinations.It includes exchange for organizational profit and community and for natural gain.It also means securing environmental and social needs as well as core consumer satisfaction.They cannot longer be regarded as mutually exclusive.

             Tourism Marketing Mix
   Marketing is to manage the market.To manage a market a business organization use different tools which is known as marketing mix.Popularly marketing mix is represented by 4 P,Product,Place, price, promotion.The mix is created by combining the strategist of 4 P.It is external environment created by management to control /influenced the customer.These are the elements that can be influenced and manipulated in market."Mix" is how these element are combined together to produce action plan of the target market.In general market the marketing mix is under the firm's control and designed to appeal to the customer,but this is not possible in tourism,as tourism product is a joint effort.In tourism it is not possible.One single organization has no control over the quality ,and price of the other organization.A tour program sold by travel agency has no control over the quality airlines service and hospitality of the local people.They have no control over of attraction as they are no meant for tourism.A religious place or water fall was not made by travel agency for tourism purpose.They have rented those for tourism purpose to return as it is.Tourism enterprises has only control over the activities they have created.So a tourism marketing manager need to define marketing mix its own prospective.Tourism as a service business have advised 7 P which need to manage.Because each of the P s includes within it so many important sub element.

Tourism Management Levels

               Tourism Management Level
Tourism need to be manage from different level.The must work together to be successful.
a)Government level;-
                       Tourism is managed by the government through it's ministries,departments and local administrative bodies.Government formulate the rules and polices.It provide passports to nationals,and visa to the foreigners,But government cannot involve in the sale process.

b)National tourism organization (N T O);-
                               In many countries,tourism is managed by national tourism organization as a public private partnership as Nepal Tourism Board,in Nepal.This is a co-ordination body they cannot involve in policy formulation and sale process.

c)Business Level;-
                       Tourism is managed by the local businessman.These are the service agencies involve in sale and provide service to the visitor such as travel agency,hotel,trekking agency etc.

d)Local;-   
              These are the people involved in providing friendship,local authenticity and positive environment.they are the people,their culture,nature and man-made environment.It is the destination.

                             Although tourism is managed from different  levels but only business agencies are able to involve in sales process.Government and N T O are involving in marketing but they cannot sale tourism service.Local people may provide service,tourism environment they cannot sale their service.Nothing happened without sale that is,if outsiders do not visit the destination and do not generate economy tourism will not be created.

Features of tourism

Special Features of Tourism market
                                 Marketing of tourist product has certain peculiar characteristics.Although general principal of marketing could be applicable to the marketing product,there are certain differences in approach.Theses differences are because of the peculiar character of the tourist product.Some of special character of the tourist product are discussed below;-
 a)Tourism is an Intangible,Non-material product;-Tourism is related to service, facilities,pleasure,leisure,etc which is not possible to visualize.
b)Ownership of the Tourism product is Non Transferable;-In tourism buying and selling of the product does not mean buying things like property.It is buying and selling the service. In the process of buying and selling of tourism product no transfer of ownership of goods is involved as compare to the tangible product.For example in the sale of the motor car or house,the seller transfer his ownership to the buyer and buyer may use it for himself or re-sell it.
c)Tourism is an Assembled product'-The tourism product cannot provided by a single Enterprises.Each of the components of a tourism product is highly specialized and all these combined together makes the final product.The tourist product is not an airline or a rail seat or a visit to the historical sites but rather and amalgamation of man components which together make a couplet product.
d)Tourism product does not move;-The tourism product cannot be transported.It does not move to the customer but customer needs to move to the product.As attraction,hotel do not move.Transport moves but it moves to its destination only.The customer must get in to enjoy it.
e)The demand of Tourism product is very unstable;-The demand of tourism is very unstable.Its demand is influenced by different factor such as season,economy/politics religion and other special events etc.The season change greatly affects the demand.Tourism plant is used for a limited time of a year.Many tourist areas have a short season.

Travel and tourism

Components of tourism products
                                                      As tourism is made of 4A's every tourism product should have 4A's .The tourism product product may be defined as a bundle or package of  tangible and intangible components based on activity at a destination.The package is perceived by the tourist as an experience available at a price.
1)Attraction
              Attraction are tho

Concept of tourism

Different people defined tourism from different aspect and they defined tourism from their own prospective.Some of the very common concept are discussed below;-                                                                     
Tourism as a social system
               The approach tries to study tourism from social prospective.Although  tourism is an individual human experience ,it is usually shared with other people.A tourism is a person from one culture.S/he does not belong to visiting society.They comes in contact with local people  and social institution.It is a  cultural interaction.the socialization  process may be short,informal to intense interpersonal interaction.friendship may be found or conflict may be created .
a)Tourism as geographical phenomena;-
                   In this concept tourism is studies as a relation between two places,origin to destination.Travel from the origin to a destination is an inherent and distinctive  character of tourism.From particular in tourism ,a person must travel certain distance from his/her normal destination.Tourism management is related with two places .It is related destination to outsider.Tourism is "Here and There".There is the origin of tourist "and" and it ts means of transport and accessibility and "here"is the destination.
b) Tourism as resource ;-
       Many communities,local and even central governments and even central government prefer to define as a resources.The most common saying is that "a tourism being money".Their tourism management is related to revenue management .Local bodies and communities are interested in adding tourism in their system,because of it's potentiality to bring money from other regions with minimal  effort and environmental impact.Tourism can also be a positive force for the preservation of local sites,festival,traditional skill and cultural activity.
c)Tourism as a business;-
                    This is the most popular aproach among the business man and to the people who works in the tourism industry.Under this approach tourism is treated as business.According to this approach,tourism is related to improve business effiency,marketing and improving manpower.
d)Tourism as an industry ;-
                     This approach belives that to urism is not ajust several thousand business.It is an industry .It is a group of several related industries; transportation,service,accommodation,food service,attractions and events and many retail activities.



 






             

Travel and Tourism

Tourism is a temporary short term movement of people from one place to another. During their leisure time in order to get pleasure,rest,relaxation,pilgrimage and   by carrying  many more purposes people used to travel here  and there simply which is known as traveling.It is practice by our ancient time by our ancestor.During the ancient period our ancestor used to travel by carrying simple motives i.e;-for trade and commerce only but now the concept is totally changed.In this modern phase people change their concept due to the development of information and technology.Due to the development of technology and industrial revolution people get busy and they don't get time to meet for their friends and relatives.Their mind is  hang so in order to be fresh to be free from tension they used to travel in their free time get together with their family meet for their friends and get entertainment.
                    Tourism industry has been well agreed as a service industry. So it is necessary to have some basic understanding the nature of tourism. In tourism,service is any thing which is provided to the traveler to travel,stay and involve in tourism activity.
                                                    Service is a complicated phenomenon.the word has may meaning ranging personal service to serve as a product. It is defined differently in every society.In broad terms service includes social welfare ,religion work s,airlines internet service car repair centers etc .however tourism service is treated as a product,where service is managed,service is sold for the purpose of earning and generating economic activities  .It is the intangible part of tourism product .In tourism is "service" is related to any things and service which is provided to the traveler to travel,stay and involve in tourism activity.So tourism business is to provided service to the travelers to earn money ,profit.

objectives

It's main objectives is to .

introduction

Hotel is a place where bonafied traveler can receive fooding and shelter on payment.